The Chapel only had one permanent pastor: C.T. Smith, who served from 1816 until 1834. Since then, it was served mostly by Strict Baptist ministers, and although it was nominally an Independent Calvinistic place of worship it adopted the character of a Strict Baptist Chapel. Smith regularly preached in the village of Horley, 2 miles (3.2 km) away and in 1846 a Strict Baptist Chapel was built there with assistance from the Charlwood cause.

Charlwood Union Chapel was renamed Providence Chapel and services were latterly held on Sunday afternoons and Wednesday evenings. At its peak in the mid 1800s the Chapel had a congregation of around 150, rivalling that of the Parish church.

Under the name Charlwood Union Chapel, the Chapel was registered for marriages on 7 December 1844. It was also registered with this name as a place of worship under the Places of Worship Registration Act 1855; as it predates the passing of the Act, its identity number on the Worship Register is 1. 

The congregation, however, gradually declined. In 2012 the last remaining member, Jane Eade, became disabled. The Chapel Trustees, successors of those appointed in 1816 by Joseph Flint, put the Chapel up for sale (as required in the deed drawn up by Joseph Flint). With help from English Heritage and Mole Valley Council, a sale was prevented. A new Trust was formed, The Providence Chapel Charlwood Trust and in March 2013 purchased the Chapel for £1. A legal obligation was accepted to allow occassional services and burials and to preserve the graveyard.

The Trust undertook emergency repairs, registered as a charity and as a company limited by guarantee. A distinguished architect, Paul Sharrock of Thomas Ford & Partners, was appointed, and plans were drawn up for the repair and restoration of the Chapel, and for its use by the nearby village school.